Biological marker, generally refers to a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. The term occasionally also refers to a substance whose presence indicates the existence of living organisms.

Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.

Extracellular vesicles secreted by human glioma cells contain a wealth of tumor-specific proteins and nucleic acids that can be isolated from patients with these neoplasms. Thus, EV contribute to the development of biomarkers, and additionally have certain therapeutic potential for possible use in neurooncology and neurosurgery ¹⁾.

see Molecular biomarker.

see Biochemical marker.

see Glioblastoma biomarker.

see Red cell distribution width.

see Tumor marker.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of highly promising cancer biomarkers.

It is of great importance to seek further subclassifications in glioblastoma multiforme, biomarkers, and new treatment modalities to make a significant change in survival for individuals ²⁾.

Neuroglobin