Brain tumor

A brain tumor or brain tumour, is an intracranial solid neoplasm, a tumor within the brain.

Brain tumors include all tumors inside the human skull (cranium) or in the central spinal canal. They are created by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, usually in the brain itself, but also in lymphatic tissue, in blood vessels, in the cranial nerves, in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary gland, or pineal gland.

Classification

Brain tumor classification.

Epidemiology

Brain tumor epidemiology.

Pathophysiology

The complex pathophysiology of brain tumor is dependent on various factors, including histology, molecular and chromosomal aberration, tumor-related protein expression, primary versus secondary origin, and host factors ^{1) 2) 3) 4)}.

Clinical Features

Brain Tumor Clinical Features.

Diagnosis

see Intracranial tumor diagnosis.

Volume

see Tumor volume.

Brain tumor treatment

see Brain tumor treatment.

Outcome

Although brain tumors occur less frequently than other forms of cancer, they have one of the bleakest prognoses with low survival rates.

Case series

The South Korean national registration cohort database was used as the data source. This study includes all adult patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor resection from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. G47.0 and F51.0 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes) were used to identify insomnia disorders.

In total, 4,851 patients were included. Among them, 913 (18.8%) and 447 (9.2%) patients were assigned to the preoperative and postoperative insomnia groups, respectively. After modeling using multivariable logistic regression, older age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.03; P < 0.001), reoperation within 1 year (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.47-3.06; P < 0.001), and newly acquired brain disability (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.71; P = 0.043) were associated with an increased prevalence of newly developed postoperative insomnia disorder. After modeling using multivariable Cox regression, the preoperative and postoperative insomnia disorder groups showed a 1.17-fold (hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34; P = 0.021) and a 1.85-fold (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.59-2.15, P < 0.001) increased 2-year all-cause mortality risk compared to the control group, respectively.

In South Korea, 9.2% of the patients with brain tumors were newly diagnosed with an insomnia disorder following craniotomy for brain tumor resection, which was associated with an increased risk of 2-year mortality ⁵⁾.