Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (Latin: liquor cerebrospinalis) is a liquid occupying subarachnoid space (cavum subarachnoideale) and ventricles.
History
Cerebrospinal fluid was not really discovered in terms of its liquid state of matter until the early 16th century A.D. It took three more centuries for physicians to become aware of its cerebrospinal location. Previously, it was thought that cerebral ventricles contained “spiritus animalis” (spirit of the animal).
According to Schaltenbrand, cerebrospinal fluid found in humans and other higher vertebrates replaced the ocean, where 3.5 billion years ago the life had begun 1) 2).
Appearance
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics- physiology
Circulation
Cerebrospinal fluid absorption
Pressure
Production
Flow
Volume
Contents
Influence
The influence that human CSF has on the function of human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and human fetal-derived NPCs (hfNPCs) in regard to cell proliferation, survival, and migration demonstrated that human noncancerous CSF promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hAMSCs and hfNPCs. Preculturing these stem cells in human CSF also increased their migratory speed and distance traveled. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in human CSF enhanced the migration capacity and increased the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in both stem cell types. These findings highlight a simple and natural way in which human CSF can enhance the proliferation, migration, and viability of human exogenous primary hAMSCs and hfNPCs. This may provide insight into improving the clinical efficacy of stem cells for the treatment of CNS pathologies 3).
Pathology
Cerebrospinal fluid infection are serious complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunts and external ventricular drainage.