Disability is the consequence of an impairment that may be physical, cognitive decline, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or some combination of these.
A disability may be present from birth, or occur during a person's lifetime.
The 'Glasgow Outcome Scale' (GOS) is a scale so that patients with brain injury, such as cerebral traumas can be divided into groups that allow standardised descriptions of the objective degree of recovery.
GOS 3. Severe disability
Severe injury with permanent need for help with daily living
GOS 4. Moderate disability
No need for assistance in everyday life, employment is possible but may require special equipment.
GOS 5. Low disability
Light damage with minor neurological and psychological deficits. 1).
Those patients who survive the ictus of aneurysm rupture harbor substantial risks of neurological morbidity, functional disability, and cognitive dysfunction. Although the pervasiveness of cognitive impairment is widely acknowledged as a long-term sequela of aSAH, the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. The onset of aSAH elicits activation of the inflammatory cascade, and ongoing neuroinflammation is suspected to contribute to secondary complications, such as vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this review, we analyze the extant literature regarding the relationship between neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after aSAH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines appear to play a role in maintaining normal cognitive function in adults unaffected by aSAH. However, in the setting of aSAH, elevated cytokine levels may correlate with worse neuropsychological outcomes. This seemingly dichotomous relationship between neuroinflammation and cognition suggests that the action of cytokines varies, depending on their physiologic environment. Experimental therapies which suppress the immune response to aSAH appear to have a beneficial effect on cognitive outcomes. However, further studies are necessary to determine the utility of inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of neurocognitive outcomes, as well as their role in the management of aSAH.