Knosp Grade 3B

• Pituitary adenoma with cavernous sinus compartment penetration and intracranial extension: surgical anatomy, approach, and outcomes
• Multi-layer reconstruction of skull base after endoscopic transnasal surgery for invasive pituitary adenomas
• The Knosp Criteria Revisited: 3-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis as a Predictive Tool for Extent of Resection in Complex Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
• Application of Convolutional Neural Network in the Diagnosis of Cavernous Sinus Invasion in Pituitary Adenoma
• Radiological Knosp, Revised-Knosp, and Hardy-Wilson Classifications for the Prediction of Surgical Outcomes in the Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery of Pituitary Adenomas: Study of 228 Cases
• Diagnostic value of Knosp grade and modified Knosp grade for cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
• Predicting early post-operative remission in pituitary adenomas: evaluation of the modified knosp classification
• Challenging Knosp high-grade pituitary adenomas

Below the intracavernous internal carotid artery into the inferior cavernous sinus compartment The tumor extends to the lateral line inferiorly (under ICA) ¹⁾.

A significantly higher rate of remission can be achieved in grade 3A than in grade 3B and grade 4 adenomas. Therefore, the distinction into grades 3A, 3B, and 4 is of importance for the prediction of adenoma invasion and surgical treatment considerations ²⁾