Knosp Grade 3B
Latest articles
Below the intracavernous internal carotid artery into the inferior cavernous sinus compartment The tumor extends to the lateral line inferiorly (under ICA) 1).
A significantly higher rate of remission can be achieved in grade 3A than in grade 3B and grade 4 adenomas. Therefore, the distinction into grades 3A, 3B, and 4 is of importance for the prediction of adenoma invasion and surgical treatment considerations 2)
1)
Micko AS, Wöhrer A, Wolfsberger S, Knosp E. Invasion of the cavernous sinus
space in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: endoscopic verification and its correlation with an
MRI-based classification. J Neurosurg. 2015 Apr;122(4):803-11. doi:
10.3171/2014.12.JNS141083. Epub 2015 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 25658782.
2)
Micko A, Oberndorfer J, Weninger WJ, Vila G, Höftberger R, Wolfsberger S, Knosp E. Challenging Knosp high-grade pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. J Neurosurg. 2019 May 31;132(6):1739-1746. doi: 10.3171/2019.3.JNS19367. PMID: 31151112.