Olfactory groove meningioma
J.Sales-Llopis
Neurosurgery Service, Alicante University General Hospital, Spain.
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Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) are arachnoid cell neoplasms of the frontoethmoidal suture and lamina cribrosa, 1) and may involve any part of the area from the crista galli to the planum sphenoidale 2) 3) 4).
Epidemiology
Classification
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
Books
The Meningiomas Arising from the Olfactory Groove and Their Removal by the Aid of Electro-surgery By Harvey Cushing · 1927
Cushing H, Eisenhardt L (1938) The olfactory meningiomas with primary anosmia. In: Cushing H, Eisenhardt L (eds) Meningiomas: their classification, regional behavior, life history, and surgical results. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 250–282
Ojemann RG (1991) Olfactory groove meningiomas. In: Al-Mefty O (ed) Meningiomas. Raven Press, New York, pp 383–393
Al-Mefty O (1993) Tuberculum sellae and olfactory groove meningioma. In: Sekhar LN, Janecka IP (eds) Surgery of cranial base tumors. Raven Press, New York, pp 507–519
Surgery of Skull Base Meningiomas: With a Chapter Madjid Samii, Mario Ammirati · 2012
Meningiomas of the Skull Base Treatment Nuances in Contemporary Neurosurgery 2018
Videos
Systematic Reviews
A systematic review was performed to identify studies that compared outcomes following EEA and TCA for OGMs. Data extracted from each study included gross total resection (GTR), the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and post-operative complications including anosmia. The results of the search yielded 5 studies that met the criteria for inclusion and analysis. All studies compared TCA (n = 922) with EEA (n = 141) outcomes for OGMs. Overall, the rate of gross total resection (GTR) was lower among the endoscopic group (70.9%) relative to the transcranial group (91.5%). The rate of postoperative CSF leak was 6.3% vs. 25.5% for the transcranial and endoscopic groups, respectively. Post-operative anosmia was higher for patients undergoing EEA (95.9%) compared with patients in the transcranial group (37.4%). In this analysis, EEA was associated with a lower rate of GTR and higher incidences of CSF leaks and post-operative anosmia. However, with increasing surgeon familiarity with the endoscopic anatomy and technique for managing ASB pathologies, a nuanced approach may be used to minimize patient morbidity and widen the spectrum of skull base surgery 5).
Electronic databases were searched from inception until December 2019 for studies delineating TCAs for OGM patients. Patient demographics, pre-operative symptoms, surgical outcomes, and complications were evaluated and analyzed with a meta-analysis of proportions. Results: A total of 27 observational case series comparing 554 unilateral vs. 451 bilateral TCA patients were eligible for review. The weighted pooled incidence of gross total resection is 94.6% (95% CI, 90.7-97.5%; I 2 = 59.0%; p = 0.001) for unilateral and 90.9% (95% CI, 85.6-95.4%; I 2 = 58.1%; p = 0.003) for bilateral cohorts. Similarly, the incidence of OGM recurrence is 2.6% (95% CI, 0.4-6.0%; I 2 = 53.1%; p = 0.012) and 4.7% (95% CI, 1.4-9.2%; I 2 = 55.3%; p = 0.006), respectively. Differences in oncologic outcomes were not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.21 and 0.35, respectively). Statistically significant differences in complication rates in bilateral vs. unilateral TCA cohorts include meningitis (1.0 vs. 0.0%; p = 0.022) and mortality (3.2 vs. 0.2%; p = 0.007). Conclusions: While both cohorts have similar oncologic outcomes, bilateral TCA patients exhibit higher postoperative complication rates. This may be explained by underlying tumor characteristics necessitating more radical resection but may also indicate increased morbidity with bilateral approaches. However, evidence from more controlled, comparative studies is warranted to further support these findings 6).
A PubMed search of the recent literature (2011-2016) was performed to examine outcomes following EEA and TCA for OGM. The extent of resection, visual outcome, postoperative complications, and recurrence rates were analyzed using percentages and proportions, the Fischer exact test, and the Student's t-test using GraphPad PRISM 7.0Aa (San Diego, CA) software.
Results: There were 444 patients in the TCA group with a mean diameter of 4.61 (±1.17) cm and 101 patients in the EEA group with a mean diameter of 3.55 (± 0.58) cm (p = 0.0589). GTR was achieved in 90.9% (404/444) in the TCA group and 70.2% (71/101) in the EEA group (p < 0.0001). Of the patients with preoperative visual disturbances, 80.7% (21/26) of patients in the EEA cohort had an improvement in vision compared to 12.83%(29/226) in the TCA group (p < 0.0001). Olfaction was lost in 61% of TCA and in 100% of EEA patients. CSF leaks and meningitis occurred in 25.7% and 4.95% of EEA patients and 6.3% and 1.12% of TCA patients, respectively (p < 0.0001; p = 0.023).
The updated literature review demonstrates that despite more experience with endoscopic resection and skull base reconstruction, the literature still supports TCA over EEA with respect to the extent of resection and complications. EEA may be an option in selected cases where visual improvement is the main goal of surgery and postoperative anosmia is acceptable to the patient or in medium-sized tumors with existing preoperative anosmia. Nevertheless, based on our results, it seems more prudent at this time to use TCA for the majority of OGMs 7).