In the peer review process, a manuscript or proposal is typically reviewed by two or more experts in the relevant field, who evaluate the work based on various criteria such as the quality of the research methods, the accuracy of the data, the relevance of the results, and the overall contribution to the field. Reviewers may provide feedback on ways to improve the work or address any issues, and they may ultimately recommend that the work be accepted for publication, revised and resubmitted, or rejected.

Both the reviewer and author identities are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa, throughout the review process. To facilitate this, authors need to ensure that their manuscripts are prepared in a way that does not give away their identity.